![magic trail cross trial colon cnacer magic trail cross trial colon cnacer](https://s1.eestatic.com/2020/11/20/actualidad/actualidad_537457955_165638401_1706x1487.jpg)
These advances now need to be exploited so as to accelerate oncological drug development and to optimize patient benefit.
![magic trail cross trial colon cnacer magic trail cross trial colon cnacer](https://s1.eestatic.com/2020/11/20/actualidad/actualidad_537457950_165637618_1706x1702.jpg)
Novel technologies have seen both processing times and costs fall significantly, such that we are now able to sequence the entire genome in greater detail with improved precision and accuracy. In the early 1990s, the first human genome sequenced cost more than $2 billion and took a decade to complete. Strategies for molecular characterization of patients Finally, we will detail key examples that have transformed the landscape of anti-cancer therapeutics, as well as the efforts made in associated biomarker development relevant to these examples. We will discuss strategies for the molecular characterization of patients, and the importance of utilizing different biomarkers in the multistep drug development process. In recent years, a number of molecularly targeted agents have been developed using such strategies that illustrate the importance of a rational approach to drug development. Intermediate endpoint biomarkers may also be used to assess for early signals of clinical response, with the assessment of various biomarkers indicative of resistance mechanisms on disease progression where appropriate. While on treatment, pharmacokinetic (PK) profiling and measurement of target and pathway modulation with pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers can then be used to ensure active drug exposures are achieved with adequate target engagement. The PhAT incorporates a step-wise process, starting with the identification of patients who possess a tumor associated with a specific predictive biomarker that may predict for antitumor response to a particular therapy. The Pharmacologic Audit Trail (PhAT) is a drug development framework that can be used to link biomarkers for rational decision-making in early phase clinical trials of novel antitumor therapeutics. The BCR-ABL translocation product in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation in lung cancer and the BRAF V600E mutation in melanoma are prime examples of specific subsets of cancers that are exquisitely sensitive to rationally selected molecularly targeted antitumor agents –. Sequencing the cancer genome is a vital component to understanding the molecular basis of cancer for example, tumor sequencing undertaken at an individual patient level can be utilized to identify specific molecular dependencies and vulnerabilities that may be targeted with antitumor therapies. The recognition that intracellular processes drive multiple hallmarks of cancer, including angiogenesis, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, has highlighted the potential to affect oncogenesis and cancer progression by manipulating these critical processes at a molecular level.
![magic trail cross trial colon cnacer magic trail cross trial colon cnacer](http://biblepaintings.weebly.com/uploads/1/5/7/5/15756752/4864486.png)
Reversing such alarming trends requires rational patient and drug selection to achieve precision medicine in clinical studies.
MAGIC TRAIL CROSS TRIAL COLON CNACER REGISTRATION
The process of novel drug development from first-in-human studies to registration phase III clinical trials is associated with an unacceptably high attrition rate.